Abstract:

It is generally believed that high myopia is a complex disease caused by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Recent studies have shown that genetic factors seem to be a dominant factor. However，the pathogenesis remains unclear. Genome-wide association studies use high through put genotyping technologies to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms and relate them to the diseases. It has been the best method used in high myopia genetic research. Previous studies have indicated that 341 loci are associated with myopia，and studies on high myopia have found suspicious pathogenic genes--OPN1LW, NYX, UHRF1BP1L, PTPRR, PPFIA2, IGF-1, TGFB1, RASGRF1, GJD2, LOXL3,APLP2,ZNF644,and so on. This provided the basis for studying the genetic factors of high myopia. Furthermore, population studies in recent years show that indoor close distance work or study, socioeconomic status, education level, family income level, serum 25(OH)D concentration, outdoor activities to a certain extent affect the prevalence of myopia.   (Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   1-7)